Hit or Miss

Learn creating a Hit or Miss game using Windows App SDK with this Tutorial

Hit or Miss shows how you can create a simple random game where you can either score a Hit or a Miss displayed with emoji and with a toolkit from NuGet using the Windows App SDK.

Step 1

Follow Setup and Start on how to get Setup and Install what you need for Visual Studio 2022 and Windows App SDK.

In Windows 11 choose Start and then find or search for Visual Studio 2022 and then select it.

Once Visual Studio 2022 has started select Create a new project.

Then choose the Blank App, Packages (WinUI in Desktop) and then select Next.

After that in Configure your new project type in the Project name as HitOrMiss, then select a Location and then select Create to start a new Solution.

Step 2

Then in Visual Studio within Solution Explorer for the Solution, right click on the Project shown below the Solution and then select Manage NuGet Packages...

Manage NuGet Packages

Step 3

Then in the NuGet Package Manager from the Browse tab search for Comentsys.Toolkit.WindowsAppSdk and then select Comentsys.Toolkit.WindowsAppSdk by Comentsys as indicated and select Install

NuGet Package Manager Comentsys.Toolkit.WindowsAppSdk

This will add the package for Comentsys.Toolkit.WindowsAppSdk to your Project. If you get the Preview Changes screen saying Visual Studio is about to make changes to this solution. Click OK to proceed with the changes listed below. You can read the message and then select OK to Install the package.

Step 4

Then while still in the NuGet Package Manager from the Browse tab search for Comentsys.Assets.FluentEmoji and then select Comentsys.Assets.FluentEmoji by Comentsys as indicated and select Install

This will add the package for Comentsys.Assets.FluentEmoji to your Project. If you get the Preview Changes screen saying Visual Studio is about to make changes to this solution. Click OK to proceed with the changes listed below. You can read the message and then select OK to Install the package, then you can close the tab for Nuget: HitOrMiss by selecting the x next to it.

Step 5

Then in Visual Studio within Solution Explorer for the Solution, right click on the Project shown below the Solution and then select Add then New Item…

Add New Item

Step 6

Then in Add New Item from the C# Items list, select Code and then select Code File from the list next to this, then type in the name of Library.cs and then Click on Add.

Add New Code File

Step 7

You will now be in the View for the Code of Library.cs, within this type the following Code:


using Comentsys.Assets.FluentEmoji;
using Comentsys.Toolkit.WindowsAppSdk;
using Microsoft.UI.Xaml;
using Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Library
{
    private const string title = "Hit or Miss";
    private const int score = 18;
    private const int size = 6;
    private const string hit = "X";
    private const string miss = "O";
    private readonly string[,] _board = new string[size, size];
    private readonly Random _random = new((int)DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks);

    private int _go = 0;
    private int _hits = 0;
    private int _misses = 0;
    private bool _won = false;
    private Dialog _dialog;

    private List<int> Choose(int minimum, int maximum, int total) =>
        Enumerable.Range(minimum, maximum)
            .OrderBy(r => _random.Next(minimum, maximum))
                .Take(total).ToList();

    private Viewbox Asset(string value) => new()
    {
        Child = new Asset()
        {
            AssetResource = FlatFluentEmoji.Get(
            value == hit ? FluentEmojiType.Collision : 
            FluentEmojiType.Hole)
        }
    };

    // Add

    // Layout & New
    
}

The Class that has been defined in so far Library.cs has using for the packages that were added of Comentsys.Assets.FluentEmoji and Comentsys.Toolkit.WindowsAppSdk amongst others needed. There are also some const and readonly values for parts of the game and to represent the board then there are Methods of Choose which is used to select a random list of numbers and Asset which will represent Emoji that will be used for the hits and misses.

Step 8

Still in the Class for Library.cs after the Comment of // Add type the following Method:


private void Add(ref Grid grid, int row, int column)
{
    Button button = new()
    {
        Width = 64,
        Height = 64
    };
    button.Click += (object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) =>
    {
        if (!_won)
        {
            button = (Button)sender;
            string selected = _board[
                (int)button.GetValue(Grid.RowProperty),
                (int)button.GetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty)
            ];
            if (button.Content == null)
            {
                button.Content = Asset(selected);
                if (selected == hit)
                    _hits++;
                else if (selected == miss)
                    _misses++;
                _go++;
            }
            if (_go < (size * size) && _misses < score)
            {
                if (_hits == score)
                {
                    _dialog.Show(
                    $"You Won! With {_hits} hits and {_misses} misses");
                    _won = true;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                _dialog.Show($"You Lost! With {_hits} hits and {_misses} misses");
                _won = true;
            }
        }
    };
    button.SetValue(Grid.ColumnProperty, column);
    button.SetValue(Grid.RowProperty, row);
    grid.Children.Add(button);
}

Add is used to add a Button which when clicked, set with the Event Handler of Click will indicate if the selection was a hit or a miss with a message to indicate whether the game was won or lost.

Step 9

While still in the Class for Library.cs after the Comment of // Layout & New type in the following Methods of Layout which will layout the board for the game and New which will start a new game.


private void Layout(Grid grid)
{
    _go = 0;
    _hits = 0;
    _misses = 0;
    grid.Children.Clear();
    grid.RowDefinitions.Clear();
    grid.ColumnDefinitions.Clear();
    // Setup Grid
    for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
    {
        grid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition());
        grid.ColumnDefinitions.Add(new ColumnDefinition());
    }
    for (int row = 0; row < size; row++)
    {
        for (int column = 0; column < size; column++)
        {
            Add(ref grid, row, column);
        }
    }
}

public void New(Grid grid)
{
    Layout(grid);
    _won = false;
    int index = 0;
    _dialog = new Dialog(grid.XamlRoot, title);
    // Setup Values
    List values = new();
    while (values.Count < (size * size))
    {
        values.Add(hit);
        values.Add(miss);
    }
    List indices = Choose(1, size * size, size * size);
    // Setup Board
    for (int column = 0; column < size; column++)
    {
        for (int row = 0; row < size; row++)
        {
            _board[column, row] = values[indices[index] - 1];
            index++;
        }
    }
}

Step 10

Within Solution Explorer for the Solution double-click on MainWindow.xaml to see the XAML for the Main Window.

Step 11

In the XAML for MainWindow.xaml there will be some XAML for a StackPanel, this should be Removed:


<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" 
HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center">
    <Button x:Name="myButton" Click="myButton_Click">Click Me</Button>
</StackPanel>

Step 12

While still in the XAML for MainWindow.xaml above </Window>, type in the following XAML:


<Grid>
    <Viewbox>
        <Grid Margin="50" Name="Display" 
        HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
        VerticalAlignment="Center" Loaded="New"/>
    </Viewbox>
    <CommandBar VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
        <AppBarButton Icon="Page2" Label="New" Click="New"/>
    </CommandBar>
</Grid>

This XAML contains a Grid with a Viewbox which will Scale a Grid. It has a Loaded event handler for New which is also shared by the AppBarButton.

Step 13

Within Solution Explorer for the Solution select the arrow next to MainWindow.xaml then double-click on MainWindow.xaml.cs to see the Code for the Main Window.

Step 14

In the Code for MainWindow.xaml.cs there be a Method of myButton_Click(...) this should be Removed by removing the following:


private void myButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    myButton.Content = "Clicked";
}

Step 15

Once myButton_Click(...) has been removed, within the Constructor of public MainWindow() { ... } and below the line of this.InitializeComponent(); type in the following Code:


private readonly Library _library = new();

private void New(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) =>
    _library.New(Display);

Here an Instance of Library is created then below this is the Method of New that will be used with Event Handler from the XAML, this Method uses Arrow Syntax with the => for an expression body which is useful when a Method only has one line.

Step 16

That completes the Windows App SDK application. In Visual Studio 2022 from the Toolbar select HitOrMiss (Package) to Start the application.

Step 17

Once running you can start by clicking on any Button, to win you will need to get more hits (Collisions) than misses (Holes) up to a total of 18 to win! You can restart the game by selecting New.

Hit or Miss Running and Output

Step 18

To Exit the Windows App SDK application, select the Close button from the top right of the application as that concludes this Tutorial for Windows App SDK from tutorialr.com!

Hit or Miss PDF